Nonbenzodiazepine: Difference between revisions
 
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*Nonbenzodiazepine pharmacodynamics are similar in mechanism of action to benzodiazepine drugs, acting as GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators of the benzodiazepine site, and therefore exhibit similar benefits, side effects, and risks.  
*Nonbenzodiazepine pharmacodynamics are similar in mechanism of action to benzodiazepine drugs, acting as GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators of the benzodiazepine site, and therefore exhibit similar benefits, side effects, and risks.  
**However, nonbenzodiazepines have dissimilar or entirely different chemical structures, so are unrelated to benzodiazepines on a molecular level.
**However, nonbenzodiazepines have dissimilar or entirely different chemical structures, so are unrelated to benzodiazepines on a molecular level.
*'''[[High-risk geriatric medication]]!'''


==Classes==
==Classes==
Currently, the major chemical classes of nonbenzodiazepines are:
'''Imidazopyridines'''
 
'''[[Imidazopyridine]]s'''
* [[Alpidem]]
* [[Necopidem]]
* [[Saripidem]]
* [[Zolpidem]] (Ambien, Ambien CR, Intermezzo, Zolpimist, Edluar, Ivadal, Sanval, Stilnox, etc.)
* [[Zolpidem]] (Ambien, Ambien CR, Intermezzo, Zolpimist, Edluar, Ivadal, Sanval, Stilnox, etc.)
'''[[Pyrazolopyrimidine]]s'''
'''Pyrazolopyrimidines'''
* [[Divaplon]]
* [[Fasiplon]]
* [[Indiplon]]
* [[Lorediplon]]
* [[Ocinaplon]]
* [[Panadiplon]]
* [[Taniplon]]
* [[Zaleplon]] (Sonata, Starnoc, Andante)
* [[Zaleplon]] (Sonata, Starnoc, Andante)
'''[[Cyclopyrrolone]]s'''
'''Cyclopyrrolones'''
* [[Eszopiclone]] (Lunesta, Valnoc, etc.)
* [[Eszopiclone]] (Lunesta, Valnoc, etc.)
* [[Pagoclone]]
* [[Pazinaclone]]
* [[Suproclone]]
* [[Suriclone]]
* [[Zopiclone]] (Imovane, Zimovane, Somnol, etc.)
* [[Zopiclone]] (Imovane, Zimovane, Somnol, etc.)
'''[[β-Carboline]]s'''
'''β-Carbolines'''
* [[Abecarnil]]
* None clinically available
* [[Azocarnil (photoswitchable)]]<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Maleeva G, Nin-Hill A, Wirth U, Rustler K, Ranucci M, Opar E, Rovira C, Bregestovski P, Zeilhofer HU, König B, Alfonso-Prieto M, Gorostiza P | title = Light-Activated Agonist-Potentiator of GABA<sub>A</sub> Receptors for Reversible Neuroinhibition in Wildtype Mice | journal = Journal of the American Chemical Society | date = October 2024 | volume = 146 | issue = 42 | pages = 28822–28831 | pmid = 39383450 | doi = 10.1021/jacs.4c08446 | pmc = 11503767 | bibcode = 2024JAChS.14628822M }}</ref>
 
* [[Gedocarnil]]
==See Also==
* [[SL-651,498]]
*[[Sedative/Hypnotic]]  
* [[ZK-93423]]
*[[Benzodiazepine]]


[[Category:Pharmacology]]
[[Category:Pharmacology]]

Latest revision as of 23:26, 20 May 2026

Background

Core structures of selected nonbenzodiazepines (left three diagrams) and the structure of benzodiazepines (right) for comparison.
  • Nonbenzodiazepines (i.e., "Z-drugs"), are a class of psychoactive, depressant, sedative, hypnotic, anxiolytic drugs that are benzodiazepine-like in uses, such as for treating insomnia and anxiety.
  • Nonbenzodiazepine pharmacodynamics are similar in mechanism of action to benzodiazepine drugs, acting as GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators of the benzodiazepine site, and therefore exhibit similar benefits, side effects, and risks.
    • However, nonbenzodiazepines have dissimilar or entirely different chemical structures, so are unrelated to benzodiazepines on a molecular level.
  • High-risk geriatric medication!

Classes

Imidazopyridines

  • Zolpidem (Ambien, Ambien CR, Intermezzo, Zolpimist, Edluar, Ivadal, Sanval, Stilnox, etc.)

Pyrazolopyrimidines

Cyclopyrrolones

β-Carbolines

  • None clinically available

See Also

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