Dehydration: Difference between revisions
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{{ | {{AdultPage|dehydration (peds)}} | ||
==Background== | ==Background== | ||
*Decreased total body water resulting in relative hypertonicity and [[hypernatremia]] | *Decreased total body water resulting in relative hypertonicity and [[hypernatremia]] | ||
| Line 20: | Line 20: | ||
==Differential Diagnosis== | ==Differential Diagnosis== | ||
{{Sinus tach DDX}} | |||
==Evaluation== | ==Evaluation== | ||
*Urine sodium concentration | |||
*FENa (fractional excretion of sodium) | |||
*Urine osmolality | |||
*Urinalysis | |||
==Management== | ==Management== | ||
Latest revision as of 18:13, 16 January 2026
This page is for adult patients. For pediatric patients, see: dehydration (peds)
Background
- Decreased total body water resulting in relative hypertonicity and hypernatremia
- Usually resulting from inadequate fluid intake or increased free water loss
- Often confused with hypovolemia in which total body water is lost with a relative hypotonic or isotonic state
Clinical Features
- dry mucous membranes
- skin tenting
- sunken eyes
- excessive thirst
- headache
- dizziness
- altered mental status
- weakness
- fatigue
- dark urine or decreased urine output
- syncope
- hemodynamic instability
Differential Diagnosis
Causes of sinus tachycardia
- Emotional or psychiatric causes
- Pain, anger, or anxiety
- Response to fever (about 10 bpm per degree C > 37.0)
- SIRS (from infection or other causes)
- Dehydration/hypovolemia
- Anemia
- Drug/alcohol intoxication (particularly sympathomimetic or anticholinergic drugs, but may also be seen in aspirin, theophylline, or other ingestions)
- Drug/alcohol withdrawal
- Anion gap acidosis
- Hyperthyroidism
- PE
- CHF
- Cardiac tamponade
- Myocardial contusion
- Cardiac valvular disease
- Hyper or hypoglycemia
- Myocardial infarction
- Pheochromocytoma
Evaluation
- Urine sodium concentration
- FENa (fractional excretion of sodium)
- Urine osmolality
- Urinalysis